الخبرات البحثية السابقة

الخبرة البحثية خلال مرحلة دراسة البكالوريوس:

Research Experiences During the Bachelor Degree:

-Date:

Dec 1991 – Feb 1992

-Supervised by:

Dr. Ahmed T. El-Tahawy, Laboratory Section, Microbiology Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, P. O. Box: 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

-Title:

"THE SLIDE CENTRIFUGE GRAM STAIN AS A URINE SCREENING METHOD"

-BSc Work:

My fourth year student project was carried out in the field of diagnostic microbiology. It involved the screening of all urine specimens submitted to the microbiology laboratory over a period of 3 weeks for the presence of significant bacteria in the urine by Standard Microbiological Methods and the Slide Centrifuge Gram Stain and evaluating results of both methods

الخبرة البحثية خلال مرحلة دراسة الماجستير:

Research Experiences During the Master Degree:

-Date:

Oct 1994 – Sep 1995

-Supervised by:

Dr. Adrian P. Eley, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK & Dr. Trevor Winstanley, Department of Microbiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK

-Title:

"COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF GRAM REACTION IN ANAEROBES"

-MSc Work:

This study involved the evaluation of different methods for distinguishing gram-positive from gram-negative anaerobic pathogens. These methods were the Gram Stain, the Potassium Hydroxide Test (3% KOH), an Antibiotic Susceptibility Test (10 mg/L vancomycin), and the L-Alanine Aminopeptidase Test (utilizing chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates)

الخبرة البحثية خلال مرحلة دراسة الدكتوراه:

Research Experiences During the Doctoral Degree:

-Date:

Dec 1996 – Dec 2000

-Supervised by:

Professor Sebastian G.B. Amyes, Department of Medical Microbiology, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK & Dr. Christopher J. Thomson, Scientific Affairs, Bayer plc, Strawberry Hill, Newbury, Berks, RG14 1JA, UK

-Title:

"MOLECULAR TYPING AND ANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE AND HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE"

-PhD Work:

My research has examined the increasing levels of resistance to antimicrobial agents in respiratory isolates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from centers throughout the UK. Resistance was determined by testing each isolate for its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) to a range of antimicrobial agents and specific resistance mechanisms were examined in more details. Ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae isolates were genotyped by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), and screened for beta-lactamase production by Iso-Electric Focusing (IEF) followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) employing primers for TEM-1 beta-lactamase. Coamoxiclav-resistant isolates were further examined for changes in the outer membrane or penicillin-binding proteins employing Sodium-Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fluorography Technique using C¹⁴ radiolabeled penicillin.

Penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates were genotyped by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and changes in penicillin-binding proteins were examined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction-Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) employing specific primers to detect alterations associate with resistance. Also selected ciprofloxacin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates have been examined for mutations in gyrA and par C Quinolone-Resistance Determining Regions (QRDRs) by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)  and DNA Sequencing Analysis.

During my PhD work I used different computer softwares including online softwares for analyzing PFGE, PCR and DNA sequencing analysis results including: Expert Protein Analysis System (ExPASy), Basic Local Alignment Search Tools (BLAST), ABI PRISM Edit View DNA Sequence Viewer, Webcutter, and GelCompar Softwares.